Cervical cancer has historically been a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among American women. The American Cancer Society reported 14,480 new cases in 2021. This type of cancer is most frequently diagnosed in women aged 35 to 44, with the average age at diagnosis being 50 years old. While rare, cases can occur in women under 20.
What is Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer originates in the cells lining the cervix, the lower part of the uterus. Cancer begins when cells start growing uncontrollably. While cells don’t become cancerous overnight, normal cervical cells can gradually transform into abnormal, cancerous ones over time.
Types of Cervical Cancer
The majority of cervical cancers, about 90%, are squamous cell carcinomas that arise from the exocervix cells. Adenocarcinomas, which develop from mucus-producing gland cells, account for most of the remaining cases. Other less common types include adenosquamous carcinomas or mixed carcinomas.
Risk Factors
Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing cervical cancer. Smoking is a major risk factor as it introduces carcinogenic chemicals into the bloodstream, weakening the immune system. The most significant risk factor, however, is infection with the Human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV can lead to the formation of papillomas or warts on various parts of the body, including the genitals, hands, feet, lips, and tongue.
Sexual history also plays a role in the risk of cervical cancer. Early sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, and having more than one partner increase the chances of HPV exposure. Additionally, a weakened immune system, often due to the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), heightens the risk for HPV infections. A robust immune system is crucial for eliminating cancerous cells and inhibiting their growth and spread.
Prevention and Screening
The American Cancer Society advises women to begin screening for cervical cancer at age 25. Women aged 25 to 65 should have a primary HPV test every five years or a Pap test every three years. The death rate from cervical cancer has significantly declined with the increased use of Pap tests for screening. Another effective preventive measure is the HPV vaccine, which helps prevent the infections that can lead to cervical cancer.
Treatment Options
Treatment for cervical cancer varies based on the cancer type and stage. Early-stage cervical cancer is typically treated with surgery or radiation combined with chemotherapy. For more advanced stages, radiation and chemotherapy are the primary treatments. Treatment decisions are made in consultation with your cancer care team, who will consider your age, overall health, and personal preferences.
The Role of Physical Therapy in Cervical Cancer Care
At Jeevam Therapy, we understand the importance of comprehensive care during cancer treatment and recovery. For individuals undergoing treatment for cervical cancer, physical therapy can play a vital role in managing side effects and improving quality of life.
- Pelvic Floor Therapy: Cancer treatments, including surgery and radiation, can impact pelvic floor function. Physical therapy helps address issues like pelvic pain, urinary incontinence, or sexual dysfunction through targeted exercises and manual therapy.
- Fatigue Management: Chemotherapy and radiation often lead to significant fatigue. Our therapists can design gentle exercise programs to help restore energy and improve endurance.
- Scar Tissue Management: Post-surgical recovery may involve scar tissue formation. Physical therapy helps enhance mobility and prevent discomfort caused by adhesions.
- Emotional Support: Physical activity and rehabilitation can also provide mental health benefits, reducing stress and improving overall well-being during a challenging time.
Jeevam Therapy emphasizes a holistic approach, working alongside your healthcare team to support your recovery journey. Contact our Metuchen and Paramus, NJ offices to learn more about how we can assist you or a loved one during Cervical Cancer Awareness Month. Schedule a screening at our clinics for a nominal fee and learn about the next steps for your treatment.
